Sprains and Strains
A sprain occurs when the ligaments around a joint are overstretched or tear.
This is often due to a sudden wrench or twist, which causes the bones of
a joint to separate unduly. Sprains of the ankle, knee and wrists are common.
A strain (a "pulled" muscle) occurs when there is a sudden and excessive force on muscles or tendons, causing them to tear. This might happen with a fall, or when lifting something incorrectly. Strains of the lower back, neck and legs are common.
Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures:
- Start treatment as soon as possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less swelling, the more blood can get to the injured part to start the repair process.
- Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
- Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, since it will reduce
pain without increasing bleeding.
Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatories) or aspirin is a good choice. Don't give aspirin to a child younger than 16 years. - Arnica oil works well to reduce swelling.
- Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
- After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
- Gradually increase the range of movement - let pain be your guide.
- Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.
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